Where CAR-T works today — and where it is heading. Most approved uses are in blood cancers; the first solid-tumour approval arrived in 2026.
CAR-T's most established successes are in B-cell malignancies (via CD19) and multiple myeloma (via BCMA).
CD19 CAR-T has transformed outcomes in relapsed/refractory B-ALL, including children and young adults who relapsed after standard therapy.
The largest approved CAR-T field: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular, mantle cell and transformed lymphomas after prior lines fail.
BCMA-targeted CAR-T offers deep responses for patients whose myeloma relapsed after multiple prior therapies.
CD19 is present on most B cells and B-cell tumors. CD19 CAR-T treats B-ALL and a broad range of B-cell lymphomas. Because it also affects healthy B cells, patients may need immunoglobulin monitoring.
BCMA is highly expressed on myeloma cells. BCMA CAR-T has produced notable responses in heavily pre-treated myeloma, including patients who failed many prior lines.
CAR-T for solid cancers faces extra challenges — tumour heterogeneity, a hostile tumour microenvironment, and identifying truly tumour-specific targets. One target has cleared approval; the rest are still in trials.
Claudin18.2-targeted CAR-T became the first solid-tumour CAR-T approved anywhere when the NMPA cleared it in June 2026 for advanced gastric and gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. Further programs in pancreatic cancer are in trials.
GPC3-targeted CAR-T is being explored for hepatocellular carcinoma in trials.
EGFRvIII, GD2 and other targets are under investigation for glioblastoma and neuroblastoma.
The diagnosis and how many prior treatments you have had determine which CAR-T product and indication may apply.
Adequate heart, lung, liver and kidney function, and ability to tolerate lymphodepletion, are assessed.
Controllable disease burden and overall fitness for the collection, manufacturing and monitoring process are reviewed.